Rate of Diffusion Calculator
Rate of Diffusion Calculator
To calculate Rate of Diffusion, enter Molar Mass of two gases, their Temperature, and Initial Rates (if comparing rates), calculator uses Graham’s Law to compute relative diffusion rates.
Select the appropriate Temperature Unit (Kelvin or Celsius) and Mass Unit (g/mol). The calculator will provide both Relative Rates and Absolute Rates of diffusion.
How to Calculate Rate of Diffusion?
To calculate Rate of Diffusion, use Graham’s Law of Diffusion, which states that rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its Molecular Mass. For comparing two gases, divide their rates and square root of masses.
The Temperature affects the absolute rate through the Kinetic Energy of molecules. Higher temperatures increase diffusion rates proportionally to the square root of absolute temperature.
Formula for Rate of Diffusion Calculation
Graham’s Law (Rate Ratio):
r₁/r₂ = √(M₂/M₁)
where:
r₁, r₂ = Rates of diffusion
M₁, M₂ = Molar masses
Absolute Rate of Diffusion:
Rate = k × √(T/M)
where:
k = Diffusion constant
T = Temperature in Kelvin
M = Molar mass
Temperature Conversion:
T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15
where:
T(K) = Temperature in Kelvin
T(°C) = Temperature in Celsius
Example 1: Hydrogen vs. Oxygen
- Gas 1 = H₂ (2 g/mol)
- Gas 2 = O₂ (32 g/mol)
- Temperature = 25°C
- Relative Rate = 4.0
- Result = H₂ diffuses 4 times faster than O₂
Example 2: Ammonia vs. Carbon Dioxide
- Gas 1 = NH₃ (17 g/mol)
- Gas 2 = CO₂ (44 g/mol)
- Temperature = 20°C
- Relative Rate = 1.61
- Result = NH₃ diffuses 1.61 times faster than CO₂
Example 3: Methane vs. Chlorine
- Gas 1 = CH₄ (16 g/mol)
- Gas 2 = Cl₂ (71 g/mol)
- Temperature = 30°C
- Relative Rate = 2.11
- Result = CH₄ diffuses 2.11 times faster than Cl₂
Example 4: Temperature Effect
- Gas = N₂ (28 g/mol)
- Temperature 1 = 0°C
- Temperature 2 = 100°C
- Rate Increase = 13.2%
- Result = Temperature increases diffusion rate
Example 5: Helium vs. Argon
- Gas 1 = He (4 g/mol)
- Gas 2 = Ar (40 g/mol)
- Temperature = 25°C
- Relative Rate = 3.16
- Result = He diffuses 3.16 times faster than Ar
What is Rate of Diffusion?
Rate of Diffusion is the speed at which gas particles move through space or another substance. The process follows Graham’s Law, which relates diffusion rate to Molecular Mass. Lighter gases diffuse faster than heavier ones. Diffusion is driven by Concentration Gradients and affected by factors like Temperature, Pressure, and Molecular Size. This principle is crucial in various applications including Gas Separation, Respiratory Systems, and Industrial Processes.